In this article:
- Understanding creativity from a scientific perspective
- Cognitive processes behind creative thinking
- Daily habits that boost brainpower and creativity
- Techniques to train your brain for innovation
- Environmental and lifestyle factors that encourage creativity
- Mistakes that inhibit creative growth
- Tools and resources for developing creative thinking
- Taking the first step: activating your creative mind
- Ignite your creativity with the Creative Studies concentration at Penn LPS
Creativity can feel mysterious or even magical. It's often described as a spark or a burst of imagination, yet this doesn't tell the entire story. Original ideas don't emerge out of thin air. Rather, this involves an intricate series of brain mechanisms, with different parts of the brain contributing different creative advantages. When we understand these mechanisms, we feel empowered to actively pursue creativity in all its forms.
There are numerous ways to boost creativity, but it can be difficult to know where to start. Neuroscience can be helpful, revealing not only which mental processes underscore creativity but also how these can be improved over time.
Are you eager to build this understanding into your own creative practice? We explore the science of creativity below, along with the processes that support creative thinking plus opportunities for brain training.
Understanding creativity from a scientific perspective
Chances are, you can quickly identify creativity when you encounter or experience it. For example, an awe-inspiring painting or an evocative narrative will almost certainly hit the mark. But do you actually know what the term creativity represents? Britannica defines this as the ability to bring something new into existence. Marc A. Runko, PhD, adds that authenticity is essential: "Creativity involves an honest expression."
These explanations help clarify the general concept of creativity, but they do not fully delve into the range of psychological processes that contribute to creative thinking. To that end, we've highlighted the scientific underpinnings of creativity, revealing which brain regions are involved in creative thought processes and what exactly happens in the brain when we think creatively.
What neuroscience tells us about creative thinking
We've seen many breakthroughs in neuroscience these past few years, and yet, our understanding of the scientific nuts and bolts behind creativity remains limited. At one time, it was assumed that the right side of the brain was responsible for creative thinking, but this has since been debunked. Now, we recognize that various parts of the brain are involved, along with neurotransmitters and other cognitive processes.
Areas associated with creative thinking include the temporal lobe (best known for processing memories and emotions) and the parietal lobe (which is crucial for sensory processing). Even the prefrontal cortex has a role to play; this handles high-level cognitive tasks, after all, and creativity definitely qualifies.
The role of the brain’s default mode and executive networks
The aforementioned areas of the brain, although vital, can offer little in the way of creativity if they do not work well together. Hence, the importance of the default mode network (DMN). These include several interconnected regions that kick into gear during passive pursuits, like daydreaming while taking a stroll.
Without specific tasks that demand considerable focus, the brain "defaults" to the DMN, emphasizing, as neuroscientist Vinod Menon, PhD, explains, thought processes such as "self-reflection, daydreaming, mind-wandering, recall of personal experiences, and envisioning the future."
The executive control network (ECN), although usually associated with analytical thinking, also influences creativity. This network helps us direct our focus toward specific tasks. This determines how we apply the creative thoughts brought to life by the DMN. The ECN addresses the practical side of creative thinking. This is all about refining the many free-flowing ideas that originate with the DMN.
The DMN and ECN are essential, but true creativity would not be possible without network switching. This critical process allows the brain to transition between the DMN and ECN with ease. This thereby makes it easier to access a wider range of thoughts. Network switching ensures that the brain makes full use of analytical thinking and creative insights.
Myths and misconceptions about the "creative type"
Creative people are often viewed as uniquely gifted. Their creativity seems to emerge from nowhere. The concept of the "creative type" plays into this misconception. This type of person is thought to be uniquely quirky, equipped with a brain that's, simply put, wired differently.
There may be a grain of truth here. After all, some people are more drawn to creative expression, to whom this comes more easily. That being said, creativity is not a fixed trait. It's a skill like any other, and it cannot be improved without continued practice and refinement.
Cognitive processes behind creative thinking
Cognitive processes involve the many mental activities used to learn and drive understanding. These relate to attention, perception, memory, and problem-solving. These processes support creative thinking by allowing us to produce and refine a variety of ideas.
Divergent thinking vs. convergent thinking
Many thought processes can spark creative thinking, but this is often described using terms such as divergent and convergent thinking. These concepts were introduced by the respected psychologist J. P. Guilford, who, in his Structure of Intellect (SI) theory, described intelligence as a series of interconnected cognitive processes.
Today, the term 'divergent' describes a free-flowing series of ideas. These seem to arrive spontaneously and may deliver unanticipated connections between concepts that seem to have little in common. Convergent thinking is analytical, relying on a structured approach complete with a strict set of rules.
Pattern recognition and associative thinking
Associative thinking allows the mind to connect concepts or ideas that, at first glance, might appear to be entirely unrelated. The journal Trends in Cognitive Science identifies two key types of associative thinking: free associations (involving spontaneous connections between concepts) and goal-directed associations (using structure or strategy to blend concepts).
Pattern recognition is crucial as well. This happens when the brain pairs sensory input with previously stored memories to reveal intriguing trends. Both types of thinking support creativity: Associative thinking spurs new ideas, whereas pattern recognition aids creative problem-solving.
The influence of memory, emotion, and imagination
Memory has a major impact on creativity. This offers a wealth of inspiration on which creative thinkers can draw. Research shows that several types of memory can boost creativity, even when those memories seem mundane or uninspired to the individual. Working memory, for example, is helpful when a clear answer is within reach, while visual and verbal creativity uncover glimpses of inspiration using long-term memory systems.
Daily habits that boost brainpower and creativity
Divergent thinking may seem to deliver a sudden burst of ideas, but there is no need to wait for creative insights to arrive at random or all on their own. Daily habits can encourage creativity. Remember, this is not strictly spontaneous but rather a way of life. Below, we detail a few simple yet transformative practices that can bring forth a wellspring of creativity.
Mindfulness and meditation to enhance cognitive flow
Many would-be creatives struggle with the frustrating sensation of writer's block. This disrupts much-needed cognitive flow—a powerful state that researchers define as "full task engagement." This is when you feel less self-conscious and, in turn, fully engaged with creative material.
There are numerous ways to boost cognitive flow, but meditation can be especially useful when you're feeling stuck or frustrated. This means observing emotions without immediately casting judgment. Instead, strive to express curiosity as you focus on the current moment.
Consider building meditation into your writing practice, spending at least five minutes in a state of mindfulness before you settle in for your next writing session. This is the optimal time to focus on your breath and give your inner critic a much-needed break.
Physical exercise and its link to creative insight
Creativity involves more than just the mind. Movement has a role to play, too. This gets your blood flowing and may even allow more oxygen to reach the brain. Not everyone can commit to spending hours at the gym, but this might not be needed: Research shows that even a few minutes of aerobic activity can lead to creative breakthroughs. This could be as simple as taking the dog for a walk or climbing a few flights of stairs.
The power of sleep and dreaming in problem-solving
A good night's sleep is a must for creative thinking. Studies have demonstrated that sleep deprivation can stand in the way of creativity as well as how certain types of sleep (or durations of sleep) are more likely to produce creative insights.
For example, researchers have discovered that a phase of sleep known as onset (also known as hypnagogia or N1) can prompt vivid dreams. These, in turn, spark fascinating associations. When there is a strong and urgent need for creative ideas, taking quick naps and intentionally waking during the period immediately following onset (in other words, after “dozing off”) may help. In the long run, however, a consistent sleep schedule and strong sleep hygiene will be most valuable from a creative standpoint.
Techniques to train your brain for innovation
Lifestyle changes can elevate creativity over time—but what if you crave immediate improvements? The right techniques could make all the difference and even instantly break you out of a creative rut.
Brainstorming and mind mapping methods
Creativity does not need to be something you attempt all on your own. Often, collaboration inspires creative thinking. As you work with others, you enjoy access to a flow of inspiration. This may involve a common practice known as brainstorming, in which several people contribute ideas in a free-flowing manner and yield dozens of original ideas in mere minutes.
Mind mapping is similar but calls for a more structured approach. This entails visual elements, including, most importantly, a series of themes and branches that reflect how the brain processes information.
Constraint-based thinking: creativity through limitations
While brainstorming can incite a sense of creative freedom, some people find this wide-open approach intimidating. In these situations, limitations can actually prove helpful. Mind mapping can provide a solid starting point, but thinking in constraints takes this to a whole new level.
Based on business management leader Eliyahu M. Goldratt's Theory of Constraints, this strategy uses a focused solution to pinpoint the core bottleneck that stands in the way of desired progress. This constraint promises a more efficient form of creativity, making limitations seem less like barriers and more like opportunities.
Reframing problems to inspire new perspectives
Goldratt's Theory of Constraints provides a wonderful pathway to reframing challenges, but this is one of many opportunities for exploring new perspectives. Cognitive reframing can also be valuable. This is a therapeutic technique but can be adapted for personal exploration. It involves existing problems and purposefully shifting our perceptions to overcome cognitive distortions. This can be aided by Socratic questioning, through which probing questions uncover hidden biases or other limitations.
Practicing analogical and lateral thinking
Analogical thinking highlights similarities between concepts that may otherwise appear unrelated. This leverages the simple concept of the analogy to reveal noteworthy patterns and, eventually, usher in creative breakthroughs. Feel free to encourage this process using journaling prompts featuring decidedly distinct concepts. With lateral thinking, you get the chance to address problems in an unexpected manner, all while challenging the status quo. This means intentionally questioning long-held assumptions.
Environmental and lifestyle factors that encourage creativity
Don't underestimate the value of your environment or lifestyle for boosting creativity. Where and how you spend your time matters. Consider these strategies to develop a creative way of life:
Designing creative workspaces that spark imagination
The right setting can prove key to success when you are in desperate need of creative inspiration. There is no 'right' way to accomplish this, but ideally, spaces will be comfortable and visually pleasing—with distractions kept to a minimum. This effort begins with addressing practicalities such as ergonomics and lighting before moving on to decor. Select one or two focus pieces (like houseplants or paintings) that inspire reflection while creating a sense of calm.
Seeking out new experiences and diverse perspectives
If memories support creativity, it can be argued that one of the most effective ways to boost creative thinking is to make new and different memories. There are many ways to accomplish this, and while creative thinkers often rely on travel for inspiration, visiting an art museum or going for a stroll can be just as inspiring. Additionally, you'll uncover new perspectives through literature or by discussing essential topics with people from different backgrounds.
Reducing stress to free up mental bandwidth for innovation
Stress often stands in the way of creativity, with mental rumination, in particular, occupying space that would otherwise be dedicated to creative ideas. Different people will respond to different stress-busting strategies, but exercise and meditation can help. Tackling the source of the stress may be even more crucial (for instance, setting boundaries in the workplace or seeking practical help with childcare and other obligations).
Mistakes that inhibit creative growth
We've touched on the proactive practices that encourage creativity, but avoiding problematic thought processes or behaviors could prove just as critical. The following mistakes are especially common, reflecting deep-held attitudes that may take some effort to overcome.
Fear of failure and over-criticism
The fear of failure can be downright debilitating. This stands in the way of creative risks. Such fears may stem from a powerful inner critic that can be relentless or harsh. Meditation can help, but it's also important to welcome or even embrace imperfection. Many strategies from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help, even if you are not actively working with a therapist.
Relying too heavily on routine and familiarity
Structure can support creative thinking by keeping you accountable, but it is possible to take this too far. Unstructured time is essential; this uncovers the full creative power of the default mode network. New settings and experiences can provide creative inspiration, so take some time to explore your community or even pursue a new hobby.
Multitasking and digital distractions
While creative insights can emerge at unexpected times or in unexpected places, focus remains a central part of the creative process. This can be difficult to achieve in our modern digital landscape, where constant notifications make it difficult to pay attention to even the most captivating topics.
Distraction-free environments are critical. Be prepared to set your phone on silent and commit fully to creative practices, even if just for a few short minutes.
Tools and resources for developing creative thinking
Creative thinking need not feel like a strictly solo pursuit. From books to courses and even smartphone apps, countless resources can elevate this process, helping you find inspiration through connection.
Creativity apps and digital brainstorming tools
Although digital distractions can stand in the way of creative thinking, some digital tools are worth exploring. For example, creativity-focused apps bring added convenience to brainstorming, journaling, and other creative practices.
Brain training apps can help you practice cognitive reframing and other therapeutic techniques so that you feel better capable of challenging your assumptions. The Clarity app (though focused on CBT) is useful, as it provides guided journaling and assistance with analyzing thoughts or emotions.
Books on innovation and brain science
A variety of books explore the relationship between neuroscience and creativity, with many offering actionable insights to help you incorporate research-backed findings into your creative practice. Favorites include:
- Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World by Adam Grant
- The Brain That Changes Itself: Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science by Norman Doidge
- Wired to Create: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Creative Mind by Scott Barry Kaufman and Carolyn Gregoire
Games and exercises that sharpen creative problem-solving
Brain science supports gamification as a strategy for improving problem-solving and motivation. Why not build this into your creativity-boosting pursuits? Simple games and exercises can train you to think creatively and only require a few minutes of your time.
One of the easiest and most enjoyable options includes the What-If game, which you can play anywhere and at any time. Simply ask, "What if?" but tie this question to various situations or scenarios.
Other gamification strategies (although more structured) can be exciting, with escape rooms, for instance, forcing you to think creatively to solve intriguing problems with a team. In addition, games such as chess, puzzles, and Sudoku can help adults hone such skills.
Communities that encourage innovation
Creative communities offer accountability while also bringing a more collaborative approach to creative thinking. These communities take numerous forms. College courses, for example, create close-knit student communities that use their creativity to complete projects or engage in fascinating discussions. Other options include creative writing groups, art collectives, or even public speaking organizations such as Toastmasters.
Taking the first step: activating your creative mind
If you crave creativity but struggle to break out of your typical routines and mindsets, you might need some new habits or practices. This doesn't have to feel overwhelming; simply making room to explore can transform your thought processes. Try these strategies:
Letting go of perfectionism and embracing play
Perfectionism and creativity do not always work well together. With creativity, there is always a risk of making mistakes—but these can ultimately lead to new possibilities. Sometimes, all that is needed is a simple switch in mindset: Instead of viewing creativity as an accomplishment, think of it as a form of play or exploration. The goal does not lie in profound creation but rather encourages you to simply enjoy the process. After all, creative play holds intrinsic value in practical innovations and beyond.
Setting a daily creativity practice or challenge
If big changes in routines or regimens feel intimidating, consider starting small. A few minutes of creative practice can set the stage for powerful breakthroughs later on, all while helping you build your creative confidence one step at a time. Choose a game, a prompt, or some other short experience that encourages you to explore new ways of thinking without feeling overwhelmed.
Trusting the process of exploration and discovery
Creativity is a process and should not be rushed or judged harshly. This is all about exploration: revealing what is possible through the power of the mind. Trust the process and continue to complete creative exercises. With time, you will begin to feel more confident, even taking creative risks as you discover new perspectives.
Celebrating progress, not just outcomes
An outcome-based strategy can impede creative thinking by inviting self-criticism or causing you to become frustrated when your creativity fails to meet an arbitrary benchmark. Instead of exclusively rewarding yourself after you uncover a major creative insight, acknowledge the practices or mindsets that help with creative thinking. This may involve a small reward for simply showing up. Why not congratulate yourself for taking the time to journal or committing to mind-mapping?
Ignite your creativity with the Creative Studies concentration at Penn LPS
Discover your inner creative with college coursework that spurs new insights and helps you develop the habit of creative thinking. As you explore the many Bachelor of Applied Arts and Sciences programs at Penn LPS Online, consider adding a concentration in Creative Studies , which examines the joy of creative thinking while encouraging you to explore fresh perspectives.
Whether you embrace poetry, screenwriting, or nonfiction, you can use the power of creative thinking to understand the world around you. Along the way, you'll build community and gain creative skills that offer not only personal rewards but also professional growth. Request more information today to get in touch about this opportunity.
Ready to get started? If you haven’t already, apply to Penn LPS Online today. You can view our course guide to learn more about what’s available in any upcoming term.
